mirror of
https://github.com/ChristopherA/Learning-Bitcoin-from-the-Command-Line.git
synced 2025-06-07 07:56:31 +00:00
286 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
286 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 3.2: Knowing Your Bitcoin Setup
|
|
|
|
> :information_source: **NOTE:** This is a draft in progress, so that I can get some feedback from early reviewers. It is not yet ready for learning.
|
|
|
|
Before you start playing with Bitcoin, you may always want to come to a better understanding of your setup.
|
|
|
|
## Know Your Bitcoin Directory
|
|
|
|
To start with, you should understand where everything is kept: the `~/.bitcoin` directory.
|
|
|
|
The main directory just contains your config file and the testnet directory:
|
|
```
|
|
$ ls ~/.bitcoin
|
|
bitcoin.conf testnet3
|
|
```
|
|
The setup guides in [Chapter Two: Creating a Bitcoin-Core VPS](02_0_Setting_Up_a_Bitcoin-Core_VPS.md) laid out a standardized config file. [§3.1: Verifying Your Bitcoin Setup](03_1_Verifying_Your_Bitcoin_Setup.md) suggested how to change it to support more advanced setups. If you're interested in learning even more about the config file, you may wish to consult [Jameson Lopp's Bitcoin Core Config Generator](https://jlopp.github.io/bitcoin-core-config-generator/).
|
|
|
|
Moving back to your ~/.bitcoin directory, you'll find that the testnet3 directory contains all of the guts:
|
|
```
|
|
$ ls ~/.bitcoin/testnet3
|
|
banlist.dat blocks debug.log mempool.dat peers.dat
|
|
bitcoind.pid chainstate fee_estimates.dat onion_private_key wallets
|
|
```
|
|
You shouldn't mess with most of these files and directories — particularly not the `blocks` and `chainstate` directories, which contain all of the blockchain data, and the information in your `wallets` directory, which contains your personal wallet. However, do take careful note of the `debug.log` file, which you should refer to if you ever have problems with your setup.
|
|
|
|
> :link: **TESTNET vs MAINNET:** If you're using mainnet, then _everything_ will instead be placed in the main `~/.bitcoin` directory. These various setups _do_ elegantly stack, so if you are using mainnet, testnet, and regtest, you'll find that `~/.bitcoin` contains your config file and your mainnet data, the `~/.bitcoin/testnet3` directory contains your testnet data, and the `~/.bitcoin/regtest` directory contains your regtest data.
|
|
|
|
## Know Your Bitcoin-cli Commands
|
|
|
|
Most of your early work will be done with the `bitcoin-cli` command, which offers an easy interface to `bitcoind`. If you ever want more information on its usage, just run it with the `help` argument. Without any other arguments, it shows you every possible command:
|
|
```
|
|
$ bitcoin-cli help
|
|
== Blockchain ==
|
|
getbestblockhash
|
|
getblock "blockhash" ( verbosity )
|
|
getblockchaininfo
|
|
getblockcount
|
|
getblockfilter "blockhash" ( "filtertype" )
|
|
getblockhash height
|
|
getblockheader "blockhash" ( verbose )
|
|
getblockstats hash_or_height ( stats )
|
|
getchaintips
|
|
getchaintxstats ( nblocks "blockhash" )
|
|
getdifficulty
|
|
getmempoolancestors "txid" ( verbose )
|
|
getmempooldescendants "txid" ( verbose )
|
|
getmempoolentry "txid"
|
|
getmempoolinfo
|
|
getrawmempool ( verbose )
|
|
gettxout "txid" n ( include_mempool )
|
|
gettxoutproof ["txid",...] ( "blockhash" )
|
|
gettxoutsetinfo
|
|
preciousblock "blockhash"
|
|
pruneblockchain height
|
|
savemempool
|
|
scantxoutset "action" ( [scanobjects,...] )
|
|
verifychain ( checklevel nblocks )
|
|
verifytxoutproof "proof"
|
|
|
|
== Control ==
|
|
getmemoryinfo ( "mode" )
|
|
getrpcinfo
|
|
help ( "command" )
|
|
logging ( ["include_category",...] ["exclude_category",...] )
|
|
stop
|
|
uptime
|
|
|
|
== Generating ==
|
|
generatetoaddress nblocks "address" ( maxtries )
|
|
generatetodescriptor num_blocks "descriptor" ( maxtries )
|
|
|
|
== Mining ==
|
|
getblocktemplate ( "template_request" )
|
|
getmininginfo
|
|
getnetworkhashps ( nblocks height )
|
|
prioritisetransaction "txid" ( dummy ) fee_delta
|
|
submitblock "hexdata" ( "dummy" )
|
|
submitheader "hexdata"
|
|
|
|
== Network ==
|
|
addnode "node" "command"
|
|
clearbanned
|
|
disconnectnode ( "address" nodeid )
|
|
getaddednodeinfo ( "node" )
|
|
getconnectioncount
|
|
getnettotals
|
|
getnetworkinfo
|
|
getnodeaddresses ( count )
|
|
getpeerinfo
|
|
listbanned
|
|
ping
|
|
setban "subnet" "command" ( bantime absolute )
|
|
setnetworkactive state
|
|
|
|
== Rawtransactions ==
|
|
analyzepsbt "psbt"
|
|
combinepsbt ["psbt",...]
|
|
combinerawtransaction ["hexstring",...]
|
|
converttopsbt "hexstring" ( permitsigdata iswitness )
|
|
createpsbt [{"txid":"hex","vout":n,"sequence":n},...] [{"address":amount},{"data":"hex"},...] ( locktime replaceable )
|
|
createrawtransaction [{"txid":"hex","vout":n,"sequence":n},...] [{"address":amount},{"data":"hex"},...] ( locktime replaceable )
|
|
decodepsbt "psbt"
|
|
decoderawtransaction "hexstring" ( iswitness )
|
|
decodescript "hexstring"
|
|
finalizepsbt "psbt" ( extract )
|
|
fundrawtransaction "hexstring" ( options iswitness )
|
|
getrawtransaction "txid" ( verbose "blockhash" )
|
|
joinpsbts ["psbt",...]
|
|
sendrawtransaction "hexstring" ( maxfeerate )
|
|
signrawtransactionwithkey "hexstring" ["privatekey",...] ( [{"txid":"hex","vout":n,"scriptPubKey":"hex","redeemScript":"hex","witnessScript":"hex","amount":amount},...] "sighashtype" )
|
|
testmempoolaccept ["rawtx",...] ( maxfeerate )
|
|
utxoupdatepsbt "psbt" ( ["",{"desc":"str","range":n or [n,n]},...] )
|
|
|
|
== Util ==
|
|
createmultisig nrequired ["key",...] ( "address_type" )
|
|
deriveaddresses "descriptor" ( range )
|
|
estimatesmartfee conf_target ( "estimate_mode" )
|
|
getdescriptorinfo "descriptor"
|
|
signmessagewithprivkey "privkey" "message"
|
|
validateaddress "address"
|
|
verifymessage "address" "signature" "message"
|
|
|
|
== Wallet ==
|
|
abandontransaction "txid"
|
|
abortrescan
|
|
addmultisigaddress nrequired ["key",...] ( "label" "address_type" )
|
|
backupwallet "destination"
|
|
bumpfee "txid" ( options )
|
|
createwallet "wallet_name" ( disable_private_keys blank "passphrase" avoid_reuse )
|
|
dumpprivkey "address"
|
|
dumpwallet "filename"
|
|
encryptwallet "passphrase"
|
|
getaddressesbylabel "label"
|
|
getaddressinfo "address"
|
|
getbalance ( "dummy" minconf include_watchonly avoid_reuse )
|
|
getbalances
|
|
getnewaddress ( "label" "address_type" )
|
|
getrawchangeaddress ( "address_type" )
|
|
getreceivedbyaddress "address" ( minconf )
|
|
getreceivedbylabel "label" ( minconf )
|
|
gettransaction "txid" ( include_watchonly verbose )
|
|
getunconfirmedbalance
|
|
getwalletinfo
|
|
importaddress "address" ( "label" rescan p2sh )
|
|
importmulti "requests" ( "options" )
|
|
importprivkey "privkey" ( "label" rescan )
|
|
importprunedfunds "rawtransaction" "txoutproof"
|
|
importpubkey "pubkey" ( "label" rescan )
|
|
importwallet "filename"
|
|
keypoolrefill ( newsize )
|
|
listaddressgroupings
|
|
listlabels ( "purpose" )
|
|
listlockunspent
|
|
listreceivedbyaddress ( minconf include_empty include_watchonly "address_filter" )
|
|
listreceivedbylabel ( minconf include_empty include_watchonly )
|
|
listsinceblock ( "blockhash" target_confirmations include_watchonly include_removed )
|
|
listtransactions ( "label" count skip include_watchonly )
|
|
listunspent ( minconf maxconf ["address",...] include_unsafe query_options )
|
|
listwalletdir
|
|
listwallets
|
|
loadwallet "filename"
|
|
lockunspent unlock ( [{"txid":"hex","vout":n},...] )
|
|
removeprunedfunds "txid"
|
|
rescanblockchain ( start_height stop_height )
|
|
sendmany "" {"address":amount} ( minconf "comment" ["address",...] replaceable conf_target "estimate_mode" )
|
|
sendtoaddress "address" amount ( "comment" "comment_to" subtractfeefromamount replaceable conf_target "estimate_mode" avoid_reuse )
|
|
sethdseed ( newkeypool "seed" )
|
|
setlabel "address" "label"
|
|
settxfee amount
|
|
setwalletflag "flag" ( value )
|
|
signmessage "address" "message"
|
|
signrawtransactionwithwallet "hexstring" ( [{"txid":"hex","vout":n,"scriptPubKey":"hex","redeemScript":"hex","witnessScript":"hex","amount":amount},...] "sighashtype" )
|
|
unloadwallet ( "wallet_name" )
|
|
walletcreatefundedpsbt [{"txid":"hex","vout":n,"sequence":n},...] [{"address":amount},{"data":"hex"},...] ( locktime options bip32derivs )
|
|
walletlock
|
|
walletpassphrase "passphrase" timeout
|
|
walletpassphrasechange "oldpassphrase" "newpassphrase"
|
|
walletprocesspsbt "psbt" ( sign "sighashtype" bip32derivs )
|
|
|
|
== Zmq ==
|
|
getzmqnotifications
|
|
```
|
|
You can also type `bitcoin-cli help [command]` to get even more extensive info on that command. For example:
|
|
```
|
|
getmininginfo
|
|
|
|
Returns a json object containing mining-related information.
|
|
Result:
|
|
{ (json object)
|
|
"blocks" : n, (numeric) The current block
|
|
"currentblockweight" : n, (numeric, optional) The block weight of the last assembled block (only present if a block was ever assembled)
|
|
"currentblocktx" : n, (numeric, optional) The number of block transactions of the last assembled block (only present if a block was ever assembled)
|
|
"difficulty" : n, (numeric) The current difficulty
|
|
"networkhashps" : n, (numeric) The network hashes per second
|
|
"pooledtx" : n, (numeric) The size of the mempool
|
|
"chain" : "str", (string) current network name (main, test, regtest)
|
|
"warnings" : "str" (string) any network and blockchain warnings
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
> bitcoin-cli getmininginfo
|
|
> curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id": "curltest", "method": "getmininginfo", "params": []}' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/
|
|
```
|
|
> :book: ***What is RPC?*** `bitcoin-cli` is just a handy interface that lets you send commands to the `bitcoind`. More specifically, it's an interface that lets you send RPC (or Remote Procedure Protocol) commands to the `bitcoind`. Often, the `bitcoin-cli` command and the RPC command have identical names and interfaces, but some `bitcoin-cli` commands instead provide shortcuts for more complex RPC requests. Generally, the `bitcoin-cli` interface is much cleaner and simpler than trying to send RPC commands by hand, using `curl` or some other method. However, it also has limitations as to what you can ultimately do.
|
|
|
|
## Optional: Know Your Bitcoin Info
|
|
|
|
A variety of bitcoin-cli commands can give you additional information on your bitcoin data. The most general ones are:
|
|
```
|
|
$ bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo
|
|
$ bitcoin-cli getmininginfo
|
|
$ bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo
|
|
$ bitcoin-cli getnettotals
|
|
$ bitcoin-cli getwalletinfo
|
|
```
|
|
For example `bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo` gives you a variety of information on your setup and its access to various networks:
|
|
```
|
|
$ bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo
|
|
{
|
|
"version": 200000,
|
|
"subversion": "/Satoshi:0.20.0/",
|
|
"protocolversion": 70015,
|
|
"localservices": "0000000000000408",
|
|
"localservicesnames": [
|
|
"WITNESS",
|
|
"NETWORK_LIMITED"
|
|
],
|
|
"localrelay": true,
|
|
"timeoffset": 0,
|
|
"networkactive": true,
|
|
"connections": 10,
|
|
"networks": [
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "ipv4",
|
|
"limited": false,
|
|
"reachable": true,
|
|
"proxy": "",
|
|
"proxy_randomize_credentials": false
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "ipv6",
|
|
"limited": false,
|
|
"reachable": true,
|
|
"proxy": "",
|
|
"proxy_randomize_credentials": false
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "onion",
|
|
"limited": false,
|
|
"reachable": true,
|
|
"proxy": "127.0.0.1:9050",
|
|
"proxy_randomize_credentials": true
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"relayfee": 0.00001000,
|
|
"incrementalfee": 0.00001000,
|
|
"localaddresses": [
|
|
{
|
|
"address": "45.79.111.171",
|
|
"port": 18333,
|
|
"score": 1
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"address": "2600:3c01::f03c:92ff:fecc:fdb7",
|
|
"port": 18333,
|
|
"score": 1
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"address": "4wrr3ktm6gl4sojx.onion",
|
|
"port": 18333,
|
|
"score": 4
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"warnings": "Warning: unknown new rules activated (versionbit 28)"
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
Feel free to reference any of these and to use "bitcoin-cli help" if you want more information on what any of them do.
|
|
|
|
## Summary: Knowing Your Bitcoin Setup
|
|
|
|
The `~/.bitcoin` directory contains all of your files, while `bitcoin-cli help` and a variety of info commands can be used to get more information on how your setup and Bitcoin work.
|
|
|
|
## What's Next?
|
|
|
|
Continue "Understanding Your Bitcoin Setup" with [§3.3: Setting Up Your Wallet](03_3_Setting_Up_Your_Wallet.md).
|