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Chapter 12: Using Tor

In this section will talk about Tor network and how to use its services that are now available courtesy of [Bitcoin Standup] (https://github.com/BlockchainCommons/Bitcoin-Standup-Scripts)

1. Tor network

Tor is a low-latency anonymity and overlay network based on onion routing and path-building design for enabling anonymous communication. When a user wants to connect to an Internet server Tor tries to build a path formed by at least three Tor nodes relays called Guard, Middle and Exit. In this building path creates a circuit that negotiates encrypted symmetric keys,that while the message goes along the circuit, each relay strips off its layer of encryption. In this way the message arrives at the final destination in its original form and each party only knows the previous and the next hop and cannot determinate origin or destination.

2. How it works

The basic architecture of the Tor network is made up of the following components:

  • Tor Clients (OP or Onion Proxy): A Tor client installs local software considered as an onion proxy, which packages the application data into cells the same size (512 bytes) that it sends to the Tor network. A cell is the basic unit of Tor transmission.
  • Onion node (OR or Onion Router): Onion nodes transmit cells coming from the Tor client and server. There are three types of onion nodes: input (Guard), intermediate nodes (Middle), and output nodes (Exit).
  • Directory servers: Directory servers store the information of onion routers and onion servers (hidden services), such as their public keys.
  • Onion servers (hidden servers): They support TCP applications as a service web or IRC service

Clear internet connection

When a user connects to an Internet Server it shares it's ip address, location, operating system and other details with the server. Using a data-network packet analyzer like tcpdump we see how connection is established.

$ tcpdump

Output

20:58:03.804787 IP bitcoin.36300 > lb-140-82-114-25-iad.github.com.443: Flags [P.], seq 1:30, ack 25, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 3087919981 ecr 802303366], length 29

3. Accessing Tor services.