target sdk 35

Used separate threads for reading and writing, enhancing concurrency and performance.

Note: before was possible to start `SerialInputOutputManager` with `Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(ioManager)`. Now you have to use `ioManager.start()`

.idea/.gitignore

@@ -3,4 +3,7 @@ codeStyles
 libraries
 workspace.xml
 androidTestResultsUserPreferences.xml
+appInsightsSettings.xml
 deploymentTargetDropDown.xml
+deploymentTargetSelector.xml
+other.xml

.idea/AndroidProjectSystem.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="AndroidProjectSystem">
+    <option name="providerId" value="com.android.tools.idea.GradleProjectSystem" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/compiler.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
   <component name="CompilerConfiguration">
-    <bytecodeTargetLevel target="17" />
+    <bytecodeTargetLevel target="21" />
   </component>
 </project>

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
   <component name="ExternalStorageConfigurationManager" enabled="true" />
   <component name="NullableNotNullManager">
@@ -5,7 +6,7 @@
     <option name="myDefaultNotNull" value="androidx.annotation.NonNull" />
     <option name="myNullables">
       <value>
-        <list size="17">
+        <list size="18">
           <item index="0" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable" />
           <item index="1" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="javax.annotation.Nullable" />
           <item index="2" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="javax.annotation.CheckForNull" />
@@ -23,12 +24,13 @@
           <item index="14" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="io.reactivex.rxjava3.annotations.Nullable" />
           <item index="15" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="org.jspecify.nullness.Nullable" />
           <item index="16" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="jakarta.annotation.Nullable" />
+          <item index="17" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable" />
         </list>
       </value>
     </option>
     <option name="myNotNulls">
       <value>
-        <list size="16">
+        <list size="17">
           <item index="0" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull" />
           <item index="1" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="javax.annotation.Nonnull" />
           <item index="2" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull" />
@@ -45,11 +47,12 @@
           <item index="13" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="io.reactivex.rxjava3.annotations.NonNull" />
           <item index="14" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="jakarta.annotation.Nonnull" />
           <item index="15" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="org.jspecify.nullness.NonNull" />
+          <item index="16" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="org.jspecify.annotations.NonNull" />
         </list>
       </value>
     </option>
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_17" default="true" project-jdk-name="jbr-17" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_21" default="true" project-jdk-name="jbr-21" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/build/classes" />
   </component>
   <component name="ProjectType">

.idea/runConfigurations.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="RunConfigurationProducerService">
+    <option name="ignoredProducers">
+      <set>
+        <option value="com.intellij.execution.junit.AbstractAllInDirectoryConfigurationProducer" />
+        <option value="com.intellij.execution.junit.AllInPackageConfigurationProducer" />
+        <option value="com.intellij.execution.junit.PatternConfigurationProducer" />
+        <option value="com.intellij.execution.junit.TestInClassConfigurationProducer" />
+        <option value="com.intellij.execution.junit.UniqueIdConfigurationProducer" />
+        <option value="com.intellij.execution.junit.testDiscovery.JUnitTestDiscoveryConfigurationProducer" />
+        <option value="org.jetbrains.kotlin.idea.junit.KotlinJUnitRunConfigurationProducer" />
+        <option value="org.jetbrains.kotlin.idea.junit.KotlinPatternConfigurationProducer" />
+      </set>
+    </option>
+  </component>
+</project>

README.md

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If using gradle kotlin  use line
 Add library to dependencies
 ```gradle
 dependencies {
-    implementation 'com.github.mik3y:usb-serial-for-android:3.7.0'
+    implementation 'com.github.mik3y:usb-serial-for-android:3.9.0'
 }
 ```
 
@@ -115,9 +115,10 @@ For a simple example, see
 [UsbSerialExamples](https://github.com/mik3y/usb-serial-for-android/blob/master/usbSerialExamples)
 folder in this project.
 
-For a more complete example with background service to stay connected while
+See separate github project [SimpleUsbTerminal](https://github.com/kai-morich/SimpleUsbTerminal) 
-the app is not visible or rotating, see separate github project 
+for a more complete example with:
-[SimpleUsbTerminal](https://github.com/kai-morich/SimpleUsbTerminal).
+* Background service to stay connected while the app is not visible or rotating
+* Flow control 
 
 ## Probing for Unrecognized Devices
 
@@ -144,8 +145,8 @@ UsbSerialProber prober = new UsbSerialProber(customTable);
 List<UsbSerialDriver> drivers = prober.findAllDrivers(usbManager);
 // ...
 ```
-*Note*: as of v3.5.0 this library detects CDC devices by USB interface types instead of fixed VID+PID,
+*Note*: as of v3.5.0 this library detects CDC/ACM devices by USB interface types instead of fixed VID+PID,
-so custom probers are typically not required any more for CDC devices.
+so custom probers are typically not required any more for CDC/ACM devices.
 
 Of course, nothing requires you to use UsbSerialProber at all: you can
 instantiate driver classes directly if you know what you're doing; just supply
@@ -153,22 +154,23 @@ a compatible UsbDevice.
 
 ## Compatible Devices
 
-This library supports USB to serial converter chips:
+This library supports USB to serial converter chips with specific drivers
 * FTDI FT232R, FT232H, FT2232H, FT4232H, FT230X, FT231X, FT234XD
 * Prolific PL2303
 * Silabs CP2102, CP210*
-* Qinheng CH340, CH341A, CH9102
+* Qinheng CH340, CH341A
 
-devices implementing the CDC/ACM protocol like
+some other device specific drivers
-* Arduino using ATmega32U4
-* Digispark using V-USB software USB
-* BBC micro:bit using ARM mbed DAPLink firmware
-* ...
-
-and some device specific drivers:
 * GsmModem devices, e.g. for Unisoc based Fibocom GSM modems
 * Chrome OS CCD (Closed Case Debugging)
 
+and devices implementing the generic CDC/ACM protocol like
+* Qinheng CH9102
+* Microchip MCP2221
+* Arduino using ATmega32U4
+* Digispark using V-USB software USB
+* ...
+
 ## Help & Discussion
 
 For common problems, see the [FAQ](https://github.com/mik3y/usb-serial-for-android/wiki/FAQ) wiki page.

build.gradle

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ buildscript {
         google()
     }
     dependencies {
-        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.2.2'
+        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.9.1'
     }
 }
 

codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+codecov:
+  max_report_age: off
+  require_ci_to_pass: no
+  notify:
+    wait_for_ci: no

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.2-all.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.11.1-all.zip

usbSerialExamples/build.gradle

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ plugins {
 }
 
 android {
-    compileSdkVersion 34
+    compileSdkVersion 35
 
     compileOptions {
         sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ android {
 
     defaultConfig {
         minSdkVersion 17
-        targetSdkVersion 34
+        targetSdkVersion 35
         vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary = true
 
         missingDimensionStrategy 'device', 'anyDevice'
@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ android {
 
 dependencies {
     implementation project(':usbSerialForAndroid')
-    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
+    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1' // later versions have minsdk 21
-    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.9.0'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0' // later versions have minsdk 19
 }

usbSerialExamples/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/examples/TerminalFragment.java

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ public class TerminalFragment extends Fragment implements SerialInputOutputManag
             status("connection failed: no driver for device");
             return;
         }
-        if(driver.getPorts().size() < portNum) {
+        if(portNum >= driver.getPorts().size()) {
             status("connection failed: not enough ports at device");
             return;
         }

usbSerialForAndroid/build.gradle

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ plugins {
 }
 
 android {
-    compileSdkVersion 34
+    compileSdkVersion 35
 
     defaultConfig {
         minSdkVersion 17
-        targetSdkVersion 34
+        targetSdkVersion 35
         consumerProguardFiles 'proguard-rules.pro'
         
         testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
@@ -31,13 +31,14 @@ android {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation "androidx.annotation:annotation:1.7.1"
+    implementation "androidx.annotation:annotation:1.9.1"
     testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
-    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:5.8.0'
+    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:5.15.2'
-    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.5.0'
+    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1' // later versions have minsdk 21
-    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.5.2'
+    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.5.0' // later versions have minsdk 19
-    androidTestImplementation 'commons-net:commons-net:3.10.0'
+    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.5.2' // later versions have minsdk 19
-    androidTestImplementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.12.0'
+    androidTestImplementation 'commons-net:commons-net:3.9.0' // later versions fail on old Android devices with missing java.time.Duration class
+    androidTestImplementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.14.0'
 }
 
 // gradle task: publishToMavenLocal
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ project.afterEvaluate {
                 // values used for local maven repo, jitpack uses github release:
                 groupId 'com.github.mik3y'
                 artifactId 'usb-serial-for-android'
-                version '3.5.2beta'
+                version '3.8.0beta'
             }
         }
     }

usbSerialForAndroid/coverage.gradle

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ android {
             // Used as fallback in usbSerialExample/build.gradle -> missingDimensionStrategy, but not for coverage report
             dimension 'device'
         }
-        arduino {
+        mcp2221 {
             dimension 'device'
             testInstrumentationRunnerArguments = ['test_device_driver': 'CdcAcm']
         }
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ android {
         }
         cp2102 { // and cp2105 first port
             dimension 'device'
-            testInstrumentationRunnerArguments = ['test_device_driver': 'Cp21xx']
+            testInstrumentationRunnerArguments = ['test_device_driver': 'Cp21xx', 'test_device_port': '0']
         }
         cp2105 { // second port
             dimension 'device'
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ android {
         }
         ft232 { // and ft2232 first port
             dimension 'device'
-            testInstrumentationRunnerArguments = ['test_device_driver': 'Ftdi']
+            testInstrumentationRunnerArguments = ['test_device_driver': 'Ftdi', 'test_device_port': '0']
         }
         ft2232 { // second port
             dimension 'device'

usbSerialForAndroid/src/androidTest/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/util/UsbWrapper.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.CommonUsbSerialPort;
 import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.Cp21xxSerialDriver;
 import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.FtdiSerialDriver;
 import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.ProlificSerialDriver;
+import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.ProlificSerialPortWrapper;
 import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.UsbId;
 import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.UsbSerialDriver;
 import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.UsbSerialPort;
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
+import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
+
 public class UsbWrapper implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
 
     public final static int     USB_READ_WAIT = 500;
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ public class UsbWrapper implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
     public boolean inputLinesOnlyRtsCts;
     public int writePacketSize = -1;
     public int writeBufferSize = -1;
+    public int readBufferSize = -1;
 
     public UsbWrapper(Context context, UsbSerialDriver serialDriver, int devicePort) {
         this.context = context;
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ public class UsbWrapper implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
             intent.setPackage(context.getPackageName());
             PendingIntent permissionIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, intent, flags);
             IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter("com.android.example.USB_PERMISSION");
-            context.registerReceiver(usbReceiver, filter, Context.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED);
+            ContextCompat.registerReceiver(context, usbReceiver, filter, Context.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED);
             usbManager.requestPermission(serialDriver.getDevice(), permissionIntent);
             for(int i=0; i<5000; i++) {
                 if(granted[0] != null) break;
@@ -145,10 +149,18 @@ public class UsbWrapper implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
                 case 2: writePacketSize = 512; writeBufferSize = 4096; break;
                 case 4: writePacketSize = 512; writeBufferSize = 2048; break;
             }
+            if(serialDriver.getDevice().getProductId() == UsbId.FTDI_FT231X)
+                writeBufferSize = 512;
         } else if (serialDriver instanceof CdcAcmSerialDriver) {
-            writePacketSize = 64; writeBufferSize = 128;
+            writePacketSize = 16; writeBufferSize = 32; // MCP2221 values, other devices might be different
         }
 
+        readBufferSize = writeBufferSize;
+        if (serialDriver instanceof Cp21xxSerialDriver && serialDriver.getPorts().size() == 2) {
+            readBufferSize = 256;
+        } else if (serialDriver instanceof FtdiSerialDriver && serialDriver.getPorts().size() == 1 && serialDriver.getDevice().getProductId() != UsbId.FTDI_FT231X) {
+            readBufferSize = 256;
+        } // PL2303 HXN checked in open()
     }
 
     public void tearDown() {
@@ -177,6 +189,8 @@ public class UsbWrapper implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
                 if(!flags.contains(OpenCloseFlags.NO_CONTROL_LINE_INIT)) {
                     serialPort.setDTR(false);
                     serialPort.setRTS(false);
+                    if (serialPort.getFlowControl() != UsbSerialPort.FlowControl.NONE)
+                        serialPort.setFlowControl(UsbSerialPort.FlowControl.NONE);
                 }
             } catch (Exception ignored) {
             }
@@ -226,6 +240,10 @@ public class UsbWrapper implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
             readBuffer.clear();
         }
         readError = null;
+
+        if (serialDriver instanceof ProlificSerialDriver && ProlificSerialPortWrapper.isDeviceTypeHxn(serialPort)) {
+            readBufferSize = 768;
+        }
     }
 
     public void waitForIoManagerStarted() throws IOException {
@@ -240,12 +258,15 @@ public class UsbWrapper implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
         throw new IOException("IoManager not started");
     }
 
-    public boolean hasIoManagerThread() {
+    public boolean hasIoManagerThreads() {
+        int c = 0;
         for (Thread thread : Thread.getAllStackTraces().keySet()) {
-            if (thread.getName().equals(SerialInputOutputManager.class.getSimpleName()))
+            if (thread.getName().equals(SerialInputOutputManager.class.getSimpleName() + "_read"))
-                return true;
+                c += 1;
+            if (thread.getName().equals(SerialInputOutputManager.class.getSimpleName() + "_write"))
+                c += 1;
         }
-        return false;
+        return c == 2;
     }
 
     // wait full time

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/driver/ChromeCcdSerialDriver.java

@@ -79,11 +79,6 @@ public class ChromeCcdSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver{
         public void setParameters(int baudRate, int dataBits, int stopBits, int parity) throws IOException {
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
         }
-
-        @Override
-        public EnumSet<ControlLine> getSupportedControlLines() throws IOException {
-            return EnumSet.noneOf(ControlLine.class);
-        }
     }
 
     public static Map<Integer, int[]> getSupportedDevices() {

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/driver/CommonUsbSerialPort.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import android.hardware.usb.UsbDevice;
 import android.hardware.usb.UsbDeviceConnection;
 import android.hardware.usb.UsbEndpoint;
 import android.hardware.usb.UsbRequest;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.hoho.android.usbserial.util.MonotonicClock;
@@ -28,16 +29,17 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
     public static boolean DEBUG = false;
 
     private static final String TAG = CommonUsbSerialPort.class.getSimpleName();
-    private static final int MAX_READ_SIZE = 16 * 1024; // = old bulkTransfer limit
+    private static final int MAX_READ_SIZE = 16 * 1024; // = old bulkTransfer limit prior to Android 9
 
     protected final UsbDevice mDevice;
     protected final int mPortNumber;
 
     // non-null when open()
-    protected UsbDeviceConnection mConnection = null;
+    protected UsbDeviceConnection mConnection;
     protected UsbEndpoint mReadEndpoint;
     protected UsbEndpoint mWriteEndpoint;
     protected UsbRequest mUsbRequest;
+    protected FlowControl mFlowControl = FlowControl.NONE;
 
     /**
      * Internal write buffer.
@@ -117,6 +119,7 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Connection is null");
         }
         mConnection = connection;
+        boolean ok = false;
         try {
             openInt();
             if (mReadEndpoint == null || mWriteEndpoint == null) {
@@ -124,11 +127,13 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
             }
             mUsbRequest = new UsbRequest();
             mUsbRequest.initialize(mConnection, mReadEndpoint);
-        } catch(Exception e) {
+            ok = true;
-            try {
+        } finally {
-                close();
+            if (!ok) {
-            } catch(Exception ignored) {}
+                try {
-            throw e;
+                    close();
+                } catch (Exception ignored) {}
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -139,18 +144,18 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
         if (mConnection == null) {
             throw new IOException("Already closed");
         }
-        UsbDeviceConnection connection = mConnection;
+        UsbRequest usbRequest = mUsbRequest;
-        mConnection = null;
-        try {
-            mUsbRequest.cancel();
-        } catch(Exception ignored) {}
         mUsbRequest = null;
+        try {
+            usbRequest.cancel();
+        } catch(Exception ignored) {}
         try {
             closeInt();
         } catch(Exception ignored) {}
         try {
-            connection.close();
+            mConnection.close();
         } catch(Exception ignored) {}
+        mConnection = null;
     }
 
     protected abstract void closeInt();
@@ -159,7 +164,11 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
      * use simple USB request supported by all devices to test if connection is still valid
      */
     protected void testConnection(boolean full) throws IOException {
-        if(mConnection == null) {
+        testConnection(full, "USB get_status request failed");
+    }
+
+    protected void testConnection(boolean full, String msg) throws IOException {
+        if(mUsbRequest == null) {
             throw new IOException("Connection closed");
         }
         if(!full) {
@@ -168,7 +177,7 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
         byte[] buf = new byte[2];
         int len = mConnection.controlTransfer(0x80 /*DEVICE*/, 0 /*GET_STATUS*/, 0, 0, buf, buf.length, 200);
         if(len < 0)
-            throw new IOException("USB get_status request failed");
+            throw new IOException(msg);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -183,9 +192,7 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
     public int read(final byte[] dest, final int length, final int timeout) throws IOException {return read(dest, length, timeout, true);}
 
     protected int read(final byte[] dest, int length, final int timeout, boolean testConnection) throws IOException {
-        if(mConnection == null) {
+        testConnection(false);
-            throw new IOException("Connection closed");
-        }
         if(length <= 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Read length too small");
         }
@@ -201,7 +208,7 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
             //     /system/lib64/libandroid_runtime.so (android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection_request_wait(_JNIEnv*, _jobject*, long)+84)
             // data loss / crashes were observed with timeout up to 200 msec
             long endTime = testConnection ? MonotonicClock.millis() + timeout : 0;
-            int readMax = Math.min(length, MAX_READ_SIZE);
+            int readMax = (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P) ? length : Math.min(length, MAX_READ_SIZE);
             nread = mConnection.bulkTransfer(mReadEndpoint, dest, readMax, timeout);
             // Android error propagation is improvable:
             //  nread == -1 can be: timeout, connection lost, buffer to small, ???
@@ -233,12 +240,10 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
     @Override
     public void write(final byte[] src, int length, final int timeout) throws IOException {
         int offset = 0;
-        final long endTime = (timeout == 0) ? 0 : (MonotonicClock.millis() + timeout);
+        long startTime = MonotonicClock.millis();
         length = Math.min(length, src.length);
 
-        if(mConnection == null) {
+        testConnection(false);
-            throw new IOException("Connection closed");
-        }
         while (offset < length) {
             int requestTimeout;
             final int requestLength;
@@ -261,7 +266,7 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
                 if (timeout == 0 || offset == 0) {
                     requestTimeout = timeout;
                 } else {
-                    requestTimeout = (int)(endTime - MonotonicClock.millis());
+                    requestTimeout = (int)(startTime + timeout - MonotonicClock.millis());
                     if(requestTimeout == 0)
                         requestTimeout = -1;
                 }
@@ -271,16 +276,19 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
                     actualLength = mConnection.bulkTransfer(mWriteEndpoint, writeBuffer, requestLength, requestTimeout);
                 }
             }
+            long elapsed = MonotonicClock.millis() - startTime;
             if (DEBUG) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "Wrote " + actualLength + "/" + requestLength + " offset " + offset + "/" + length + " timeout " + requestTimeout);
+                Log.d(TAG, "Wrote " + actualLength + "/" + requestLength + " offset " + offset + "/" + length + " time " + elapsed + "/" + requestTimeout);
             }
             if (actualLength <= 0) {
-                if (timeout != 0 && MonotonicClock.millis() >= endTime) {
+                String msg = "Error writing " + requestLength + " bytes at offset " + offset + " of total " + src.length + " after " + elapsed + "msec, rc=" + actualLength;
-                    SerialTimeoutException ex = new SerialTimeoutException("Error writing " + requestLength + " bytes at offset " + offset + " of total " + src.length + ", rc=" + actualLength);
+                if (timeout != 0) {
-                    ex.bytesTransferred = offset;
+                    // could be buffer full because: writing to fast, stopped by flow control
-                    throw ex;
+                    testConnection(elapsed < timeout, msg);
+                    throw new SerialTimeoutException(msg, offset);
                 } else {
-                    throw new IOException("Error writing " + requestLength + " bytes at offset " + offset + " of total " + length);
+                    throw new IOException(msg);
+
                 }
             }
             offset += actualLength;
@@ -289,7 +297,7 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
 
     @Override
     public boolean isOpen() {
-        return mConnection != null;
+        return mUsbRequest != null;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -323,13 +331,26 @@ public abstract class CommonUsbSerialPort implements UsbSerialPort {
     public EnumSet<ControlLine> getControlLines() throws IOException { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); }
 
     @Override
-    public abstract EnumSet<ControlLine> getSupportedControlLines() throws IOException;
+    public EnumSet<ControlLine> getSupportedControlLines() throws IOException { return EnumSet.noneOf(ControlLine.class); }
 
     @Override
-    public void purgeHwBuffers(boolean purgeWriteBuffers, boolean purgeReadBuffers) throws IOException {
+    public void setFlowControl(FlowControl flowcontrol) throws IOException {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        if (flowcontrol != FlowControl.NONE)
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public FlowControl getFlowControl() { return mFlowControl; }
+
+    @Override
+    public EnumSet<FlowControl> getSupportedFlowControl() { return EnumSet.of(FlowControl.NONE); }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean getXON() throws IOException { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); }
+
+    @Override
+    public void purgeHwBuffers(boolean purgeWriteBuffers, boolean purgeReadBuffers) throws IOException { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); }
+
     @Override
     public void setBreak(boolean value) throws IOException { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); }
 

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/driver/Cp21xxSerialDriver.java

@@ -60,9 +60,14 @@ public class Cp21xxSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
         private static final int SILABSER_SET_LINE_CTL_REQUEST_CODE = 0x03;
         private static final int SILABSER_SET_BREAK_REQUEST_CODE = 0x05;
         private static final int SILABSER_SET_MHS_REQUEST_CODE = 0x07;
-        private static final int SILABSER_SET_BAUDRATE = 0x1E;
-        private static final int SILABSER_FLUSH_REQUEST_CODE = 0x12;
         private static final int SILABSER_GET_MDMSTS_REQUEST_CODE = 0x08;
+        private static final int SILABSER_SET_XON_REQUEST_CODE = 0x09;
+        private static final int SILABSER_SET_XOFF_REQUEST_CODE = 0x0A;
+        private static final int SILABSER_GET_COMM_STATUS_REQUEST_CODE = 0x10;
+        private static final int SILABSER_FLUSH_REQUEST_CODE = 0x12;
+        private static final int SILABSER_SET_FLOW_REQUEST_CODE = 0x13;
+        private static final int SILABSER_SET_CHARS_REQUEST_CODE = 0x19;
+        private static final int SILABSER_SET_BAUDRATE_REQUEST_CODE = 0x1E;
 
         private static final int FLUSH_READ_CODE = 0x0a;
         private static final int FLUSH_WRITE_CODE = 0x05;
@@ -84,6 +89,8 @@ public class Cp21xxSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
         /*
         * SILABSER_GET_MDMSTS_REQUEST_CODE
          */
+        private static final int STATUS_DTR = 0x01;
+        private static final int STATUS_RTS = 0x02;
         private static final int STATUS_CTS = 0x10;
         private static final int STATUS_DSR = 0x20;
         private static final int STATUS_RI = 0x40;
@@ -147,6 +154,7 @@ public class Cp21xxSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
 
             setConfigSingle(SILABSER_IFC_ENABLE_REQUEST_CODE, UART_ENABLE);
             setConfigSingle(SILABSER_SET_MHS_REQUEST_CODE, (dtr ? DTR_ENABLE : DTR_DISABLE) | (rts ? RTS_ENABLE : RTS_DISABLE));
+            setFlowControl(mFlowControl);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -166,7 +174,7 @@ public class Cp21xxSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
                     (byte) ((baudRate >> 16) & 0xff),
                     (byte) ((baudRate >> 24) & 0xff)
             };
-            int ret = mConnection.controlTransfer(REQTYPE_HOST_TO_DEVICE, SILABSER_SET_BAUDRATE,
+            int ret = mConnection.controlTransfer(REQTYPE_HOST_TO_DEVICE, SILABSER_SET_BAUDRATE_REQUEST_CODE,
                     0, mPortNumber, data, 4, USB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
             if (ret < 0) {
                 throw new IOException("Error setting baud rate");
@@ -289,9 +297,11 @@ public class Cp21xxSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
         public EnumSet<ControlLine> getControlLines() throws IOException {
             byte status = getStatus();
             EnumSet<ControlLine> set = EnumSet.noneOf(ControlLine.class);
-            if(rts) set.add(ControlLine.RTS);
+            //if(rts) set.add(ControlLine.RTS);                      // configured value
+            if((status & STATUS_RTS) != 0) set.add(ControlLine.RTS); // actual value
             if((status & STATUS_CTS) != 0) set.add(ControlLine.CTS);
-            if(dtr) set.add(ControlLine.DTR);
+            //if(dtr) set.add(ControlLine.DTR);                      // configured value
+            if((status & STATUS_DTR) != 0) set.add(ControlLine.DTR); // actual value
             if((status & STATUS_DSR) != 0) set.add(ControlLine.DSR);
             if((status & STATUS_CD) != 0) set.add(ControlLine.CD);
             if((status & STATUS_RI) != 0) set.add(ControlLine.RI);
@@ -303,6 +313,73 @@ public class Cp21xxSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
             return EnumSet.allOf(ControlLine.class);
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public boolean getXON() throws IOException {
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[0x13];
+            int result = mConnection.controlTransfer(REQTYPE_DEVICE_TO_HOST, SILABSER_GET_COMM_STATUS_REQUEST_CODE, 0,
+                    mPortNumber, buffer, buffer.length, USB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
+            if (result != buffer.length) {
+                throw new IOException("Control transfer failed: " + SILABSER_GET_COMM_STATUS_REQUEST_CODE + " -> " + result);
+            }
+            return (buffer[4] & 8) == 0;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * emulate external XON/OFF
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        public void setXON(boolean value) throws IOException {
+            setConfigSingle(value ? SILABSER_SET_XON_REQUEST_CODE : SILABSER_SET_XOFF_REQUEST_CODE, 0);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void setFlowControl(FlowControl flowControl) throws IOException {
+            byte[] data = new byte[16];
+            if(flowControl == FlowControl.RTS_CTS) {
+                data[4] |=  0b1000_0000; // RTS
+                data[0] |=  0b0000_1000; // CTS
+            } else {
+                if(rts)
+                    data[4] |= 0b0100_0000;
+            }
+            if(flowControl == FlowControl.DTR_DSR) {
+                data[0] |= 0b0000_0010; // DTR
+                data[0] |= 0b0001_0000; // DSR
+            } else {
+                if(dtr)
+                    data[0] |= 0b0000_0001;
+            }
+            if(flowControl == FlowControl.XON_XOFF) {
+                byte[] chars = new byte[]{0, 0, 0, 0, CHAR_XON, CHAR_XOFF};
+                int ret = mConnection.controlTransfer(REQTYPE_HOST_TO_DEVICE, SILABSER_SET_CHARS_REQUEST_CODE,
+                        0, mPortNumber, chars, chars.length, USB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
+                if (ret != chars.length) {
+                    throw new IOException("Error setting XON/XOFF chars");
+                }
+                data[4] |= 0b0000_0011;
+                data[7] |= 0b1000_0000;
+                data[8] = (byte)128;
+                data[12] = (byte)128;
+            }
+            if(flowControl == FlowControl.XON_XOFF_INLINE) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+            int ret = mConnection.controlTransfer(REQTYPE_HOST_TO_DEVICE, SILABSER_SET_FLOW_REQUEST_CODE,
+                    0, mPortNumber, data, data.length, USB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
+            if (ret != data.length) {
+                throw new IOException("Error setting flow control");
+            }
+            if(flowControl == FlowControl.XON_XOFF) {
+                setXON(true);
+            }
+            mFlowControl = flowControl;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public EnumSet<FlowControl> getSupportedFlowControl() {
+            return EnumSet.of(FlowControl.NONE, FlowControl.RTS_CTS, FlowControl.DTR_DSR, FlowControl.XON_XOFF);
+        }
+
         @Override
         // note: only working on some devices, on other devices ignored w/o error
         public void purgeHwBuffers(boolean purgeWriteBuffers, boolean purgeReadBuffers) throws IOException {

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/driver/FtdiSerialDriver.java

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ public class FtdiSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
 
         private static final int RESET_REQUEST = 0;
         private static final int MODEM_CONTROL_REQUEST = 1;
+        private static final int SET_FLOW_CONTROL_REQUEST = 2;
         private static final int SET_BAUD_RATE_REQUEST = 3;
         private static final int SET_DATA_REQUEST = 4;
         private static final int GET_MODEM_STATUS_REQUEST = 5;
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ public class FtdiSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
             if (result != 0) {
                 throw new IOException("Init RTS,DTR failed: result=" + result);
             }
+            setFlowControl(mFlowControl);
 
             // mDevice.getVersion() would require API 23
             byte[] rawDescriptors = mConnection.getRawDescriptors();
@@ -377,6 +379,38 @@ public class FtdiSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
             return EnumSet.allOf(ControlLine.class);
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public void setFlowControl(FlowControl flowControl) throws IOException {
+            int value = 0;
+            int index = mPortNumber+1;
+            switch (flowControl) {
+                case NONE:
+                    break;
+                case RTS_CTS:
+                    index |= 0x100;
+                    break;
+                case DTR_DSR:
+                    index |= 0x200;
+                    break;
+                case XON_XOFF_INLINE:
+                    value = CHAR_XON + (CHAR_XOFF << 8);
+                    index |= 0x400;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+            int result = mConnection.controlTransfer(REQTYPE_HOST_TO_DEVICE, SET_FLOW_CONTROL_REQUEST,
+                    value, index, null, 0, USB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
+            if (result != 0)
+                throw new IOException("Set flow control failed: result=" + result);
+            mFlowControl = flowControl;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public EnumSet<FlowControl> getSupportedFlowControl() {
+            return EnumSet.of(FlowControl.NONE, FlowControl.RTS_CTS, FlowControl.DTR_DSR, FlowControl.XON_XOFF_INLINE);
+        }
+
         @Override
         public void purgeHwBuffers(boolean purgeWriteBuffers, boolean purgeReadBuffers) throws IOException {
             if (purgeWriteBuffers) {

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/driver/GsmModemSerialDriver.java

@@ -89,10 +89,6 @@ public class GsmModemSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver{
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
         }
 
-        @Override
-        public EnumSet<ControlLine> getSupportedControlLines() throws IOException {
-            return EnumSet.noneOf(ControlLine.class);
-        }
     }
 
     public static Map<Integer, int[]> getSupportedDevices() {

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/driver/ProlificSerialDriver.java

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public class ProlificSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
         private volatile Thread mReadStatusThread = null;
         private final Object mReadStatusThreadLock = new Object();
         private boolean mStopReadStatusThread = false;
-        private IOException mReadStatusException = null;
+        private Exception mReadStatusException = null;
 
 
         public ProlificSerialPort(UsbDevice device, int portNumber) {
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ public class ProlificSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
 
         private void readStatusThreadFunction() {
             try {
+                byte[] buffer = new byte[STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE];
                 while (!mStopReadStatusThread) {
-                    byte[] buffer = new byte[STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE];
                     long endTime = MonotonicClock.millis() + 500;
                     int readBytesCount = mConnection.bulkTransfer(mInterruptEndpoint, buffer, STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE, 500);
                     if(readBytesCount == -1)
@@ -217,8 +217,9 @@ public class ProlificSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-            } catch (IOException e) {
+            } catch (Exception e) {
-                mReadStatusException = e;
+                if (isOpen())
+                    mReadStatusException = e;
             }
             //Log.d(TAG, "end control line status thread " + mStopReadStatusThread + " " + (mReadStatusException == null ? "-" : mReadStatusException.getMessage()));
         }
@@ -249,8 +250,8 @@ public class ProlificSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
                 }
             }
 
-            /* throw and clear an exception which occured in the status read thread */
+            /* throw and clear an exception which occurred in the status read thread */
-            IOException readStatusException = mReadStatusException;
+            Exception readStatusException = mReadStatusException;
             if (mReadStatusException != null) {
                 mReadStatusException = null;
                 throw new IOException(readStatusException);
@@ -314,6 +315,7 @@ public class ProlificSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
             resetDevice();
             doBlackMagic();
             setControlLines(mControlLinesValue);
+            setFlowControl(mFlowControl);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -525,7 +527,6 @@ public class ProlificSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
             setControlLines(newControlLinesValue);
         }
 
-
         @Override
         public EnumSet<ControlLine> getControlLines() throws IOException {
             int status = getStatus();
@@ -544,6 +545,39 @@ public class ProlificSerialDriver implements UsbSerialDriver {
             return EnumSet.allOf(ControlLine.class);
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public void setFlowControl(FlowControl flowControl) throws IOException {
+            // vendorOut values from https://www.mail-archive.com/linux-usb@vger.kernel.org/msg110968.html
+            switch (flowControl) {
+                case NONE:
+                    if (mDeviceType == DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_HXN)
+                        vendorOut(0x0a, 0xff, null);
+                    else
+                        vendorOut(0, 0, null);
+                    break;
+                case RTS_CTS:
+                    if (mDeviceType == DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_HXN)
+                        vendorOut(0x0a, 0xfa, null);
+                    else
+                        vendorOut(0, 0x61, null);
+                    break;
+                case XON_XOFF_INLINE:
+                    if (mDeviceType == DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_HXN)
+                        vendorOut(0x0a, 0xee, null);
+                    else
+                        vendorOut(0, 0xc1, null);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+            mFlowControl = flowControl;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public EnumSet<FlowControl> getSupportedFlowControl() {
+            return EnumSet.of(FlowControl.NONE, FlowControl.RTS_CTS, FlowControl.XON_XOFF_INLINE);
+        }
+
         @Override
         public void purgeHwBuffers(boolean purgeWriteBuffers, boolean purgeReadBuffers) throws IOException {
             if (mDeviceType == DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_HXN) {

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/driver/SerialTimeoutException.java

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
  * {@see InterruptedIOException#bytesTransferred} may contain bytes transferred
  */
 public class SerialTimeoutException extends InterruptedIOException {
-    public SerialTimeoutException(String s) {
+    public SerialTimeoutException(String s, int bytesTransferred) {
         super(s);
+        this.bytesTransferred = bytesTransferred;
     }
 }

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/driver/UsbSerialPort.java

@@ -58,7 +58,16 @@ public interface UsbSerialPort extends Closeable {
     int STOPBITS_2 = 2;
 
     /** Values for get[Supported]ControlLines() */
-    enum ControlLine { RTS, CTS,  DTR, DSR,  CD, RI }
+    enum ControlLine { RTS, CTS, DTR, DSR, CD, RI }
+
+    /** Values for (set|get|getSupported)FlowControl() */
+    enum FlowControl { NONE, RTS_CTS, DTR_DSR, XON_XOFF, XON_XOFF_INLINE }
+
+    /** XON character used with flow control XON/XOFF */
+    char CHAR_XON = 17;
+    /** XOFF character used with flow control XON/XOFF */
+    char CHAR_XOFF = 19;
+
 
     /**
      * Returns the driver used by this port.
@@ -166,7 +175,7 @@ public interface UsbSerialPort extends Closeable {
      * @param parity one of {@link #PARITY_NONE}, {@link #PARITY_ODD},
      *               {@link #PARITY_EVEN}, {@link #PARITY_MARK}, or {@link #PARITY_SPACE}.
      * @throws IOException on error setting the port parameters
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if values are not supported by a specific device
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if not supported or values are not supported by a specific device
      */
     void setParameters(int baudRate, int dataBits, int stopBits, @Parity int parity) throws IOException;
 
@@ -248,6 +257,7 @@ public interface UsbSerialPort extends Closeable {
      *
      * @return EnumSet.contains(...) is {@code true} if set, else {@code false}
      * @throws IOException if an error occurred during reading
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if not supported
      */
     EnumSet<ControlLine> getControlLines() throws IOException;
 
@@ -259,6 +269,36 @@ public interface UsbSerialPort extends Closeable {
      */
     EnumSet<ControlLine> getSupportedControlLines() throws IOException;
 
+    /**
+     * Set flow control mode, if supported
+     * @param flowControl @FlowControl
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurred during writing
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if not supported
+     */
+    void setFlowControl(FlowControl flowControl) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Get flow control mode.
+     * @return FlowControl
+     */
+    FlowControl getFlowControl();
+
+    /**
+     * Get supported flow control modes
+     * @return EnumSet.contains(...) is {@code true} if supported, else {@code false}
+     */
+    EnumSet<FlowControl> getSupportedFlowControl();
+
+    /**
+     * If flow control = XON_XOFF, indicates that send is enabled by XON.
+     * Devices supporting flow control = XON_XOFF_INLINE return CHAR_XON/CHAR_XOFF in read() data.
+     *
+     * @return the current state
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurred during reading
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if not supported
+     */
+    boolean getXON() throws IOException;
+
     /**
      * Purge non-transmitted output data and / or non-read input data.
      *

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/util/HexDump.java

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ public class HexDump {
             '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
     };
 
+    private HexDump() {
+    }
+
     public static String dumpHexString(byte[] array) {
         return dumpHexString(array, 0, array.length);
     }

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/util/SerialInputOutputManager.java

@@ -13,16 +13,19 @@ import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.UsbSerialPort;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 
 /**
- * Utility class which services a {@link UsbSerialPort} in its {@link #run()} method.
+ * Utility class which services a {@link UsbSerialPort} in its {@link #runWrite()} ()} and {@link #runRead()} ()} ()} methods.
  *
  * @author mike wakerly (opensource@hoho.com)
  */
-public class SerialInputOutputManager implements Runnable {
+public class SerialInputOutputManager {
 
     public enum State {
         STOPPED,
+        STARTING,
         RUNNING,
         STOPPING
     }
@@ -32,9 +35,6 @@ public class SerialInputOutputManager implements Runnable {
     private static final String TAG = SerialInputOutputManager.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int BUFSIZ = 4096;
 
-    /**
-     * default read timeout is infinite, to avoid data loss with bulkTransfer API
-     */
     private int mReadTimeout = 0;
     private int mWriteTimeout = 0;
 
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ public class SerialInputOutputManager implements Runnable {
     private ByteBuffer mWriteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUFSIZ);
 
     private int mThreadPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_URGENT_AUDIO;
-    private State mState = State.STOPPED; // Synchronized by 'this'
+    private final AtomicReference<State> mState = new AtomicReference<>(State.STOPPED);
+    private CountDownLatch mStartuplatch = new CountDownLatch(2);
     private Listener mListener; // Synchronized by 'this'
     private final UsbSerialPort mSerialPort;
 
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ public class SerialInputOutputManager implements Runnable {
         void onNewData(byte[] data);
 
         /**
-         * Called when {@link SerialInputOutputManager#run()} aborts due to an error.
+         * Called when {@link SerialInputOutputManager#runRead()} ()} or {@link SerialInputOutputManager#runWrite()} ()} ()} aborts due to an error.
          */
         void onRunError(Exception e);
     }
@@ -86,8 +87,9 @@ public class SerialInputOutputManager implements Runnable {
      * @param threadPriority  see {@link Process#setThreadPriority(int)}
      * */
     public void setThreadPriority(int threadPriority) {
-        if (mState != State.STOPPED)
+        if (!mState.compareAndSet(State.STOPPED, State.STOPPED)) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("threadPriority only configurable before SerialInputOutputManager is started");
+        }
         mThreadPriority = threadPriority;
     }
 
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ public class SerialInputOutputManager implements Runnable {
      */
     public void setReadTimeout(int timeout) {
         // when set if already running, read already blocks and the new value will not become effective now
-        if(mReadTimeout == 0 && timeout != 0 && mState != State.STOPPED)
+        if(mReadTimeout == 0 && timeout != 0 && mState.get() != State.STOPPED)
             throw new IllegalStateException("readTimeout only configurable before SerialInputOutputManager is started");
         mReadTimeout = timeout;
     }
@@ -144,83 +146,152 @@ public class SerialInputOutputManager implements Runnable {
     }
 
     /**
-     * when using writeAsync, it is recommended to use readTimeout != 0,
+     * write data asynchronously
-     * else the write will be delayed until read data is available
      */
     public void writeAsync(byte[] data) {
         synchronized (mWriteBufferLock) {
             mWriteBuffer.put(data);
+            mWriteBufferLock.notifyAll(); // Notify waiting threads
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * start SerialInputOutputManager in separate thread
+     * start SerialInputOutputManager in separate threads
      */
     public void start() {
-        if(mState != State.STOPPED)
+        if(mState.compareAndSet(State.STOPPED, State.STARTING)) {
+            mStartuplatch = new CountDownLatch(2);
+            new Thread(this::runRead, this.getClass().getSimpleName() + "_read").start();
+            new Thread(this::runWrite, this.getClass().getSimpleName() + "_write").start();
+            try {
+                mStartuplatch.await();
+                mState.set(State.RUNNING);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            }
+        } else {
             throw new IllegalStateException("already started");
-        new Thread(this, this.getClass().getSimpleName()).start();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
-     * stop SerialInputOutputManager thread
+     * stop SerialInputOutputManager threads
      *
      * when using readTimeout == 0 (default), additionally use usbSerialPort.close() to
      * interrupt blocking read
      */
-    public synchronized void stop() {
+    public void stop() {
-        if (getState() == State.RUNNING) {
+        if(mState.compareAndSet(State.RUNNING, State.STOPPING)) {
+            synchronized (mWriteBufferLock) {
+                mWriteBufferLock.notifyAll(); // wake up write thread to check the stop condition
+            }
             Log.i(TAG, "Stop requested");
-            mState = State.STOPPING;
         }
     }
 
-    public synchronized State getState() {
+    public State getState() {
-        return mState;
+        return mState.get();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Continuously services the read and write buffers until {@link #stop()} is
+     * @return true if the thread is still running
-     * called, or until a driver exception is raised.
      */
-    @Override
+    private boolean isStillRunning() {
-    public void run() {
+        State state = mState.get();
-        synchronized (this) {
+        return ((state == State.RUNNING) || (state == State.STARTING))
-            if (getState() != State.STOPPED) {
+            && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted();
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Already running");
+    }
-            }
+
-            mState = State.RUNNING;
+    /**
-        }
+     * Notify listener of an error
-        Log.i(TAG, "Running ...");
+     *
-        try {
+     * @param e the exception
-            if(mThreadPriority != Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT)
+     */
-                Process.setThreadPriority(mThreadPriority);
+    private void notifyErrorListener(Throwable e) {
-            while (true) {
+        Listener listener = getListener();
-                if (getState() != State.RUNNING) {
+        if (listener != null) {
-                    Log.i(TAG, "Stopping mState=" + getState());
+            try {
-                    break;
+                listener.onRunError(e instanceof Exception ? (Exception) e : new Exception(e));
-                }
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
-                step();
+                Log.w(TAG, "Exception in onRunError: " + t.getMessage(), t);
-            }
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            if(mSerialPort.isOpen()) {
-                Log.w(TAG, "Run ending due to exception: " + e.getMessage(), e);
-            } else {
-                Log.i(TAG, "Socket closed");
-            }
-            final Listener listener = getListener();
-            if (listener != null) {
-              listener.onRunError(e);
-            }
-        } finally {
-            synchronized (this) {
-                mState = State.STOPPED;
-                Log.i(TAG, "Stopped");
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private void step() throws IOException {
+    /**
+     * Set the thread priority
+     */
+    private void setThreadPriority() {
+        if (mThreadPriority != Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT) {
+            Process.setThreadPriority(mThreadPriority);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Continuously services the read buffers until {@link #stop()} is called, or until a driver exception is
+     * raised.
+     */
+    void runRead() {
+        Log.i(TAG, "runRead running ...");
+        try {
+            setThreadPriority();
+            mStartuplatch.countDown();
+            do {
+                stepRead();
+            } while (isStillRunning());
+            Log.i(TAG, "runRead: Stopping mState=" + getState());
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "runRead: interrupted");
+            } else if(mSerialPort.isOpen()) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "runRead ending due to exception: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            } else {
+                Log.i(TAG, "runRead: Socket closed");
+            }
+            notifyErrorListener(e);
+        } finally {
+            if (mState.compareAndSet(State.RUNNING, State.STOPPING)) {
+                synchronized (mWriteBufferLock) {
+                    mWriteBufferLock.notifyAll(); // wake up write thread to check the stop condition
+                }
+            } else if (mState.compareAndSet(State.STOPPING, State.STOPPED)) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "runRead: Stopped mState=" + getState());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Continuously services the write buffers until {@link #stop()} is called, or until a driver exception is
+     * raised.
+     */
+    void runWrite() {
+        Log.i(TAG, "runWrite running ...");
+        try {
+            setThreadPriority();
+            mStartuplatch.countDown();
+            do {
+                stepWrite();
+            } while (isStillRunning());
+            Log.i(TAG, "runWrite: Stopping mState=" + getState());
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "runWrite: interrupted");
+            } else if(mSerialPort.isOpen()) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "runWrite ending due to exception: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            } else {
+                Log.i(TAG, "runWrite: Socket closed");
+            }
+            notifyErrorListener(e);
+        } finally {
+            if (!mState.compareAndSet(State.RUNNING, State.STOPPING)) {
+                if (mState.compareAndSet(State.STOPPING, State.STOPPED)) {
+                    Log.i(TAG, "runWrite: Stopped mState=" + getState());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stepRead() throws IOException {
         // Handle incoming data.
         byte[] buffer;
         synchronized (mReadBufferLock) {
@@ -238,21 +309,26 @@ public class SerialInputOutputManager implements Runnable {
                 listener.onNewData(data);
             }
         }
+    }
 
+    private void stepWrite() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
         // Handle outgoing data.
-        buffer = null;
+        byte[] buffer = null;
         synchronized (mWriteBufferLock) {
-            len = mWriteBuffer.position();
+            int len = mWriteBuffer.position();
             if (len > 0) {
                 buffer = new byte[len];
                 mWriteBuffer.rewind();
                 mWriteBuffer.get(buffer, 0, len);
                 mWriteBuffer.clear();
+                mWriteBufferLock.notifyAll(); // Notify writeAsync that there is space in the buffer
+            } else {
+                mWriteBufferLock.wait();
             }
         }
         if (buffer != null) {
             if (DEBUG) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "Writing data len=" + len);
+                Log.d(TAG, "Writing data len=" + buffer.length);
             }
             mSerialPort.write(buffer, mWriteTimeout);
         }

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/util/UsbUtils.java

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 public class UsbUtils {
 
+    private UsbUtils() {
+    }
+
     public static  ArrayList<byte[]> getDescriptors(UsbDeviceConnection connection) {
         ArrayList<byte[]> descriptors = new ArrayList<>();
         byte[] rawDescriptors = connection.getRawDescriptors();

usbSerialForAndroid/src/main/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/util/XonXoffFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.hoho.android.usbserial.util;
+
+import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.UsbSerialPort;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Some devices return XON and XOFF characters inline in read() data.
+ * Other devices return XON / XOFF condition thru getXOFF() method.
+ */
+
+public class XonXoffFilter {
+    private boolean xon = true;
+
+    public XonXoffFilter() {
+    }
+
+    public boolean getXON()  {
+        return xon;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filter XON/XOFF from read() data and remember
+     *
+     * @param data unfiltered data
+     * @return filtered data
+     */
+    public byte[] filter(byte[] data) {
+        int found = 0;
+        for (int i=0; i<data.length; i++) {
+            if (data[i] == UsbSerialPort.CHAR_XON || data[i] == UsbSerialPort.CHAR_XOFF)
+                found++;
+        }
+        if(found == 0)
+            return data;
+        byte[] filtered = new byte[data.length - found];
+        for (int i=0, j=0; i<data.length; i++) {
+            if (data[i] == UsbSerialPort.CHAR_XON)
+                xon = true;
+            else if(data[i] == UsbSerialPort.CHAR_XOFF)
+                xon = false;
+            else
+                filtered[j++] = data[i];
+        }
+        return filtered;
+    }
+}

usbSerialForAndroid/src/test/java/android/util/Log.java

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ public class Log {
         return 0;
     }
 
+    public static int w(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
+        System.out.println("WARN: " + tag + ": " + msg + " / " + tr.getMessage());
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     public static int e(String tag, String msg) {
         System.out.println("ERROR: " + tag + ": " + msg);
         return 0;

usbSerialForAndroid/src/test/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/util/HexDumpText.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.hoho.android.usbserial.util;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.security.InvalidParameterException;
+
+public class HexDumpText {
+
+    @Test
+    public void toByteArray() throws Exception {
+        assertThat(HexDump.toByteArray((byte)0x4a), equalTo(new byte[]{ 0x4A}));
+        assertThat(HexDump.toByteArray((short)0x4a5b), equalTo(new byte[]{ 0x4A, 0x5B}));
+        assertThat(HexDump.toByteArray((int)0x4a5b6c7d), equalTo(new byte[]{ 0x4A, 0x5B, 0x6C, 0x7D}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void toHexString() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals("4A", HexDump.toHexString((byte)0x4a));
+        assertEquals("4A 5B", HexDump.toHexString((short)0x4a5b));
+        assertEquals("4A 5B 6C 7D", HexDump.toHexString((int)0x4a5b6c7d));
+        assertEquals("4A 5B 6C 7D", HexDump.toHexString(new byte[]{ 0x4A, 0x5B, 0x6C, 0x7D}));
+        assertEquals("5B 6C", HexDump.toHexString(new byte[]{ 0x4A, 0x5B, 0x6C, 0x7D}, 1, 2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dumpHexString() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals("10 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 .1234567\n18 39                   .9", HexDump.dumpHexString(new byte[]{ 0x10, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x18, 0x39}));
+        assertEquals("31 32                   12", HexDump.dumpHexString(new byte[]{ 0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33}, 1, 2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void toByte() throws Exception {
+        assertThat(HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("4a 5B-6c\n7d"), equalTo(new byte[]{ 0x4A, 0x5B, 0x6C, 0x7D}));
+        assertThrows(InvalidParameterException.class, () -> HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("3 "));
+        assertThrows(InvalidParameterException.class, () -> HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("3z"));
+        assertThrows(InvalidParameterException.class, () -> HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("3Z"));
+    }
+
+}

usbSerialForAndroid/src/test/java/com/hoho/android/usbserial/util/SerialInputOutputManagerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package com.hoho.android.usbserial.util;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.hardware.usb.UsbEndpoint;
+import android.os.Process;
+
+import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.CommonUsbSerialPort;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class SerialInputOutputManagerTest {
+
+
+    // catch all Throwables in onNewData() and onRunError()
+    @Test
+    public void throwable() throws Exception {
+
+        class ExceptionListener implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
+            public Exception e;
+            @Override public void onNewData(byte[] data) { throw new RuntimeException("exception1"); }
+            @Override public void onRunError(Exception e) { this.e = e; throw new RuntimeException("exception2"); }
+        }
+        class ErrorListener implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {
+            public Exception e;
+            @Override public void onNewData(byte[] data) { throw new UnknownError("error1"); }
+            @Override public void onRunError(Exception e) { this.e = e; throw new UnknownError("error2");}
+        }
+
+        UsbEndpoint readEndpoint = mock(UsbEndpoint.class);
+        when(readEndpoint.getMaxPacketSize()).thenReturn(16);
+        CommonUsbSerialPort port = mock(CommonUsbSerialPort.class);
+        when(port.getReadEndpoint()).thenReturn(readEndpoint);
+        when(port.read(new byte[16], 0)).thenReturn(1);
+        when(port.isOpen()).thenReturn(true);
+        SerialInputOutputManager manager = new SerialInputOutputManager(port);
+        manager.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT);
+
+        ExceptionListener exceptionListener = new ExceptionListener();
+        manager.setListener(exceptionListener);
+        manager.runRead();
+        assertEquals(RuntimeException.class, exceptionListener.e.getClass());
+        assertEquals("exception1", exceptionListener.e.getMessage());
+
+        ErrorListener errorListener = new ErrorListener();
+        manager.setListener(errorListener);
+        manager.runRead();
+        assertEquals(Exception.class, errorListener.e.getClass());
+        assertEquals("java.lang.UnknownError: error1", errorListener.e.getMessage());
+        assertEquals(UnknownError.class, errorListener.e.getCause().getClass());
+        assertEquals("error1", errorListener.e.getCause().getMessage());
+    }
+}