mirror of
https://github.com/ChristopherA/Learning-Bitcoin-from-the-Command-Line.git
synced 2025-06-08 16:36:32 +00:00
Update 6_2_Spending_a_Transaction_to_a_Multisig.md
This commit is contained in:
Shannon Appelcline
GitHub
parent
8255acc18c
commit
ef1f2651f6
@ -4,17 +4,17 @@
|
||||
|
||||
Money spent to a multisig address doesn't do you any good if you can't spend it. There are two ways to do this: a complex methodology that lays bare how multisig works; and a simple methodology that takes advantage of your wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
## Spend Funds Sent to a Multisig Address the Complex Way
|
||||
## Spend Funds Sent to a Multisig Address, Complexly
|
||||
|
||||
The classic, and complex, way of spending multisig funds using `bitcoin-cli` requires you to do a lot of foot work.
|
||||
The classic, and complex, way of spending funds sent to a multisignature address using `bitcoin-cli` requires you to do a lot of foot work.
|
||||
|
||||
### Find Your Funds
|
||||
|
||||
You can see any transactions related to your funds if you import the new multisig address into your wallet:
|
||||
To start with, you need to find your funds, because your computer doesn't know to look for them, because they're not associated with any addresses in your walet. You can alert `bitcoind` to do so using the `importaddress` command:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli -named importaddress address=2NAGfA4nW6nrZkD5je8tSiAcYB9xL2xYMCz
|
||||
```
|
||||
This can take a while, because it does a `rescan` to find all the related transactions. Afterward the funds should show up when you `listunspent` ... but they aren't necessarily easily spendable yet.
|
||||
This command can take a while to run because it does a `rescan` to find all the related transactions. Afterward the funds should show up when you `listunspent` ... but they aren't easily spendable yet.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli listunspent
|
||||
[
|
||||
@ -34,23 +34,18 @@ $ bitcoin-cli listunspent
|
||||
|
||||
### Set Up Your Variables
|
||||
|
||||
When you're ready to spend your money received by a multisig address, you're going need to collect a _lot_ of data. Much more than you needed to when you spend a normal P2PKH UTXO. That's in part because the info on the multisig address isn't in your wallet, and in part because you're spending money that was send to a script address (P2SH), and that's a lot more demanding, as future chapters will explain.
|
||||
When you're ready to spend the funds received by a multisignature address, you're going need to collect a _lot_ of data: much more than you need when you spend a normal P2PKH UTXO. That's in part because the info on the multisig address isn't in your wallet, and in part because you're spending money that was sent to a P2SH (pay-to-script) address, and that's a lot more demanding, as future chapters will explain.
|
||||
|
||||
In total, you're going to need to collect four things: extended information about the UTXO; the redeemScript; a recipient address; and all the private keys involved. We'll collect the first two now, then save the private keys for the signing step.
|
||||
In total, you're going to need to collect four things: extended information about the UTXO; the redeemScript; a recipient address; and all the private keys involved. We'll collect the first three now, then save the private keys for the signing step.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Access the UTXO information
|
||||
|
||||
To start with, grab the `txid` and the `vout` for the transaction that you want to spend, as usual.
|
||||
To start with, grab the `txid` and the `vout` for the transaction that you want to spend, as usual. For example, if it's your 0th UTXO:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ utxo_txid=$(bitcoin-cli listunspent | jq -r '.[0] | .txid')
|
||||
$ utxo_vout=$(bitcoin-cli listunspent | jq -r '.[0] | .vout')
|
||||
|
||||
$ echo $utxo_txid
|
||||
621be11aac439d6ec58be398058fc33c3e89cf45138a0e73e05b7001f9b6e328
|
||||
$ echo $utxo_vout
|
||||
0
|
||||
```
|
||||
However, you need to also access a third bit of information about the UTXO, its `scriptPubKey`, which is the script that locks the transaction. This is done with a simple `bitcoin-cli`/`jq` invocation that mirrors the previous information.
|
||||
However, you need to also access a third bit of information about the UTXO, its `scriptPubKey`, which is the script that locks the transaction. This is done with a simple `bitcoin-cli`/`jq` invocation that mirrors the previous commands.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ utxo_spk=$(bitcoin-cli listunspent | jq -r '.[0] | .scriptPubKey')
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -63,13 +58,13 @@ $ redeem_script="52210307fd375ed7cced0f50723e3e1a97bbe7ccff7318c815df4e99a59bc94
|
||||
```
|
||||
#### Decide Your Recipient
|
||||
|
||||
We're just going to send the money back to ourself. This is useful because it frees the funds up from the multisig and convert them into a normal P2PKH transaction that can be confirmed by a single private key:
|
||||
We're just going to send the money back to ourself. This is useful because it frees the funds up from the multisig, converting them into a normal P2PKH transaction that can be confirmed by a single private key:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ recipient=$(bitcoin-cli getrawchangeaddress)
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Create Your Transaction
|
||||
|
||||
You can now create your transaction, including new `inputs` variables for the `scriptPubKey` and the `redeemScript`:
|
||||
You can now create your transaction. To do so you add new `inputs` variables for the `scriptPubKey` and the `redeemScript`:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ rawtxhex=$(bitcoin-cli -named createrawtransaction inputs='''[ { "txid": "'$utxo_txid'", "vout": '$utxo_vout', "scriptPubKey": "'$utxo_spk'", "redeemScript": "'$redeem_script'" } ]''' outputs='''{ "'$recipient'": 1.299}''')
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -78,18 +73,18 @@ $ rawtxhex=$(bitcoin-cli -named createrawtransaction inputs='''[ { "txid": "'$ut
|
||||
|
||||
You're now ready to sign your transaction. This is a multi-step process because you'll need to do it on multiple machines, each of which will contribute their own private keys.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Dump Your Local Private Keys
|
||||
#### Dump Your First Private Key
|
||||
|
||||
Because this transaction isn't making full use of your wallet, you're going to need to directly access your private key. Start on `machine1` where you should get information on any of that user's keys that were involved in the multisig:
|
||||
Because this transaction isn't making full use of your wallet, you're going to need to directly access your private keys. Start on `machine1`, where you should retrieve any of that user's private keys that were involved in the multisig:
|
||||
```
|
||||
machine1$ bitcoin-cli -named dumpprivkey address=$address1
|
||||
cMgb3KM8hPATCtgMKarKMiFesLft6eEw3DY6BB8d97fkeXeqQagw
|
||||
```
|
||||
> **WARNING:** Directly accessing your private keys is subpar behavior, and should be done with extreme care if you're using real money. At the least, don't save the information into a variable that could be accessed from your machine. Removing your shell's history is another great step.
|
||||
> **WARNING:** Directly accessing your private keys from the shell is very dangerous behavior and should be done with extreme care if you're using real money. At the least, don't save the information into a variable that could be accessed from your machine. Removing your shell's history is another great step.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Make Your First Signature
|
||||
|
||||
You can now make your first signature with the `signrawtransaction` command, except you're going to have to add two variables: `prevtxs` should be a list of all the `inputs` from your raw transaction; while `privkeys` should be a list of all the private keys you dumped on this machine.
|
||||
You can now make your first signature with the `signrawtransaction` command. This time you must add two new variables: `prevtxs` should be a list of all the `inputs` from your raw transaction, which can just be cut-and-paste; while `privkeys` should be a list of all the private keys you dumped on this machine.
|
||||
```
|
||||
machine1$ bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=$rawtxhex prevtxs='''[ { "txid": "'$utxo_txid'", "vout": '$utxo_vout', "scriptPubKey": "'$utxo_spk'", "redeemScript": "'$redeem_script'" } ]''' privkeys='["cMgb3KM8hPATCtgMKarKMiFesLft6eEw3DY6BB8d97fkeXeqQagw"]'
|
||||
{
|
||||
@ -106,18 +101,22 @@ machine1$ bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=$rawtxhex prevtxs='''[
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
That produces scary errors and says that it's not `complete`. That's all correct. The transaction has been partially signed but is not done because it needs more signatures. Note in particular your `hex` has gotten longer, demonstrating that it's partially signed.
|
||||
That produces scary errors and says that it's not `complete`. This is all all correct. You can see that the signature has been partially successfully because the `hex` has gotten longer. The transaction has been partially signed but is not done because it needs more signatures.
|
||||
|
||||
### Sign Your Transaction Again
|
||||
### Repeat for Other Signers
|
||||
|
||||
Now you can pass the transaction on to be signed again by anyone else required for the mutisig. They do this by running the same signing command that you did but (1) with the longer `hex` that you output (`bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=$rawtxhex prevtxs='''[ { "txid": "'$utxo_txid'", "vout": '$utxo_vout', "scriptPubKey": "'$utxo_spk'", "redeemScript": "'$redeem_script'" } ]''' privkeys='["cMgb3KM8hPATCtgMKarKMiFesLft6eEw3DY6BB8d97fkeXeqQagw"]' | jq -r '. | .hex'`) and (2) with their own private key.
|
||||
You can now pass the transaction on, to be signed again by anyone else required for the mutisig. They do this by running the same signing command that you did but: (1) with the longer `hex` that you output (`bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=$rawtxhex prevtxs='''[ { "txid": "'$utxo_txid'", "vout": '$utxo_vout', "scriptPubKey": "'$utxo_spk'", "redeemScript": "'$redeem_script'" } ]''' privkeys='["cMgb3KM8hPATCtgMKarKMiFesLft6eEw3DY6BB8d97fkeXeqQagw"]' | jq -r '. | .hex'`); and (2) with their own private key.
|
||||
|
||||
They would then dump their own private key on their own machine:
|
||||
> **M-OF-N VS N-OF-N:** Obviously, if you have an n-of-n signature (like the 2-of-2 multisignature in this example), then everyone has to sign, but if you hae a m-of-n multisignature where "m < n", then the signature will be complete when only some ("m") of the signers have signed.
|
||||
|
||||
Each of these signers will follow the same procedure.
|
||||
|
||||
First, they access their private keys:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli -named dumpprivkey address=$address2
|
||||
cTi1Muvj24vG159R8orFjtqsPygCxhu8mJt2GLDQv7bNBGYoav4B
|
||||
```
|
||||
And sign the new `hex` using all the same `prevtxs` values as you:
|
||||
Second, they sign the new `hex` using all the same `prevtxs` values:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=020000000128e3b6f901705be0730e8a1345cf893e3cc38f0598e38bc56e9d43ac1ae11b62000000009200483045022100a9fe6ed0dbe14c0c4c7c89cee0aef2770f0b2bdcd6b3e8d71fe91e91c4bb765e02200cfba27a59b584a0cc8e70fb4438be94da417ee77eff28deb70449e012b6d6fa014752210307fd375ed7cced0f50723e3e1a97bbe7ccff7318c815df4e99a59bc94dbcd819210367c4f666f18279009c941e57fab3e42653c6553e5ca092c104d1db279e328a2852aeffffffff01e01dbe07000000001976a914cd1b2ba4fa8ae3e62bc4fc6be467a63228ceeedf88ac00000000 prevtxs='''[ { "txid": "'$utxo_txid'", "vout": '$utxo_vout', "scriptPubKey": "'$utxo_spk'", "redeemScript": "'$redeem_script'" } ]''' privkeys='["cTi1Muvj24vG159R8orFjtqsPygCxhu8mJt2GLDQv7bNBGYoav4B"]'
|
||||
{
|
||||
@ -125,25 +124,25 @@ $ bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=020000000128e3b6f901705be0730e
|
||||
"complete": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
You'll note that this now says signature is complete, which means that you should just fall back on the standard JQ methodology to save your `hexstring` and then to send it:
|
||||
You'll note that this now says signature is `complete`. You should now fall back on the standard JQ methodology to save your `hexstring` and then to send it:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ signedtx = $(bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=020000000128e3b6f901705be0730e8a1345cf893e3cc38f0598e38bc56e9d43ac1ae11b62000000009200483045022100a9fe6ed0dbe14c0c4c7c89cee0aef2770f0b2bdcd6b3e8d71fe91e91c4bb765e02200cfba27a59b584a0cc8e70fb4438be94da417ee77eff28deb70449e012b6d6fa014752210307fd375ed7cced0f50723e3e1a97bbe7ccff7318c815df4e99a59bc94dbcd819210367c4f666f18279009c941e57fab3e42653c6553e5ca092c104d1db279e328a2852aeffffffff01e01dbe07000000001976a914cd1b2ba4fa8ae3e62bc4fc6be467a63228ceeedf88ac00000000 prevtxs='''[ { "txid": "'$utxo_txid'", "vout": '$utxo_vout', "scriptPubKey": "'$utxo_spk'", "redeemScript": "'$redeem_script'" } ]''' privkeys='["cTi1Muvj24vG159R8orFjtqsPygCxhu8mJt2GLDQv7bNBGYoav4B"]' | jq -r '.hex')
|
||||
user1@blockstream2:~$ bitcoin-cli -named sendrawtransaction hexstring=$signedtx
|
||||
99d2b5717fed8875a1ed3b2827dd60ae3089f9caa7c7c23d47635f6f5b397c04
|
||||
```
|
||||
Whew! That took some work, but the transaction was successfully used!
|
||||
Whew! That took some work, but the multisignature transaction was successfully reused!
|
||||
|
||||
## Optional: Spend Funds Sent to a Multisig Address the Easy Way
|
||||
## Optional: Spend Funds Sent to a Multisig Address, Simply
|
||||
|
||||
The standard technique for creating multisigs and spending funds received through the is complex, but a worthwhile exercise for understanding a bit more about how they work, and how you'd be manipulating them at a relatively low level. However, Bitcoin core has made multisigs a little bit easier in new releases.
|
||||
The standard technique for creating multisignature addresses and for spending their funds is complex, but is a worthwhile exercise for understanding a bit more about how they work, and how you can manipulate them at a relatively low level. However, Bitcoin core has made multisigs a little bit easier in new releases.
|
||||
|
||||
The following describes an easier way to spend funds received at a multisig address, but it requires you to have prepared beforehand with a new `addmultisigaddress` command. It's probably not what you'd want to do if you were writing multisig wallet programs, but if you were just trying to retrieving some funds by hand, it might save you some hair-pulling.
|
||||
The following describes an easier way to spend funds received at a multisig address, but it requires you to have prepared beforehand with a new `addmultisigaddress` command. It's probably not what you'd want to do if you were writing multisig wallet programs, but if you were just trying to receive some funds by hand, it might save you some hair-pulling.
|
||||
|
||||
> **VERSION WARNING:** The `addmultisigaddress` command is available in Bitcoin Core v 0.10 or higher.
|
||||
|
||||
### Prepare with addmultsigaddress
|
||||
|
||||
You start off creating addresses and retrieving public keys as usual for each user who will be part of the multisig:
|
||||
You start off creating P2PKH addresses and retrieving public keys as usual for each user who will be part of the multisig:
|
||||
```
|
||||
machine1$ address3=$(bitcoin-cli getnewaddress)
|
||||
machine1$ echo $address3
|
||||
@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ mkyeUBPDoeyFrfLE4V5oAQfee99pT2W1E3
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli -named validateaddress address=$address4 | jq -r '. | .pubkey'
|
||||
030186d2b55de166389aefe209f508ce1fbd79966d9ac417adef74b7c1b5e07776
|
||||
```
|
||||
But now you're going to create the multisig on _each machine that contributes signatures_ using a new command, `addmultisigaddress`. The difference between this and `createmultisig` is that it saves some of the information into your wallet, making it a lot easier to spend the money afterward.
|
||||
But now you're going to create the multisig on _each machine that contributes signatures_ using a new command, `addmultisigaddress`, instead of `createmultisig`. This new command saves some of the information into your wallet, making it a lot easier to spend the money afterward.
|
||||
```
|
||||
machine1$ bitcoin-cli -named addmultisigaddress nrequired=2 keys='''["'$address3'","030186d2b55de166389aefe209f508ce1fbd79966d9ac417adef74b7c1b5e07776"]'''
|
||||
2Mzw7WBvh9RAQ4ssKqxyNyP7L9NAojLqSW8
|
||||
@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ machine1$ bitcoin-cli -named addmultisigaddress nrequired=2 keys='''["'$address3
|
||||
machine2$ bitcoin-cli -named addmultisigaddress nrequired=2 keys='''["02e7356952f4bb1daf475c04b95a2f7e0d9a12cf5b5c48a25b2303783d91849ba4","'$address4'"]'''
|
||||
2Mzw7WBvh9RAQ4ssKqxyNyP7L9NAojLqSW8
|
||||
```
|
||||
As we noted earlier, it doesn't matter whether you use addresses or public keys: you'll get the same multisig address. However, you must use the same order. Thus, it's best for the members of the multisig to check amongst themselves to make sure they all got the same result.
|
||||
As noted in the previous section, it doesn't matter whether you use addresses or public keys: you'll get the same multisig address. However, you must use the same order. Thus, it's best for the members of the multisig to check amongst themselves to make sure they all got the same result.
|
||||
|
||||
The members of the multisig will still need to run `importaddress` to watch for funds received on the multisig address:
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -174,13 +173,13 @@ machine1$ bitcoin-cli -named importaddress address=2Mzw7WBvh9RAQ4ssKqxyNyP7L9NAo
|
||||
machine2$ bitcoin-cli -named importaddress address=2Mzw7WBvh9RAQ4ssKqxyNyP7L9NAojLqSW8
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Create a Fairly Normal Transaction
|
||||
### Respend with a Fairly Normal Transaction
|
||||
|
||||
There are no changes to sending or receiving funds. The use of `addmultisigaddress` is simply a technical issue on your sides as the recipient: a bit of bookkeeping to make life easier for you.
|
||||
Afterward, you will be able to receive funds on the multisiganture address as normal. The use of `addmultisigaddress` is simply a bureaucratic issue on the part of the recipients: a bit of bookkeeping to make life easier for them.
|
||||
|
||||
And it makes life a lot easier. Because everything is in the wallet, respending from that multisig address works exactly the same as any other address ... other than the need to sign on multiple machines.
|
||||
But, it makes life a lot easier. Because everything is in the wallet, the signers will be able to resepend the funds sent to the multisignature address exactly the same as any other address ... other than the need to sign on multiple machines.
|
||||
|
||||
You collect your variables:
|
||||
To respend from a multisignature address where `addmultisigaddress` has saved the information into your wallet, you start by collecting your variables, but just the normal ones:
|
||||
```
|
||||
machine1$ utxo_txid=$(bitcoin-cli listunspent | jq -r '.[1] | .txid')
|
||||
machine1$ utxo_vout=$(bitcoin-cli listunspent | jq -r '.[1] | .vout')
|
||||
@ -207,21 +206,21 @@ machine1$ bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=$rawtxhex
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
Note that we didn't have to save any other variables or add any other input information. Most importantly, we didn't make our private keys vulnerable by directly manipulating them. Instead the process was _exactly_ the same as respending a normal UTXO, except when we're done the transaction isn't fully signed.
|
||||
Note that you didn't have to save any other variables or add any other input information to these commands. Most importantly, you didn't make your private keys vulnerable by directly manipulating them. Instead the process was _exactly_ the same as respending a normal UTXO, except that the transaction wasn't fully signed at the end.
|
||||
|
||||
### Sign It One More Time
|
||||
### Sign It On Other Machines
|
||||
|
||||
The final step is exporting the partially signed `hex` to the other machine and signing it one more time.
|
||||
The final step is exporting the partially signed `hex` to any other machines and signing it again:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ signedtx=$(bitcoin-cli -named signrawtransaction hexstring=02000000014ecda61c45f488e35c613a7c4ae26335a8d7bfd0a942f026d0fb1050e744a67d000000009100473044022025decef887fe2e3eb1c4b3edaa155e5755102d1570716f1467bb0b518b777ddf022017e97f8853af8acab4853ccf502213b7ff4cc3bd9502941369905371545de28d0147522102e7356952f4bb1daf475c04b95a2f7e0d9a12cf5b5c48a25b2303783d91849ba421030186d2b55de166389aefe209f508ce1fbd79966d9ac417adef74b7c1b5e0777652aeffffffff0130e1be07000000001976a9148dfbf103e48df7d1993448aa387dc31a2ebd522d88ac00000000 | jq -r '.hex')
|
||||
```
|
||||
Then we're off to the races:
|
||||
When everyone that's required has signed, you're off to the races:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli -named sendrawtransaction hexstring=$signedtx
|
||||
3ce88839ac6165aeadcfb188c490e1b850468eff571b4ca78fac64342751510d
|
||||
```
|
||||
As with the shortcut we demonstrated in [4.5: Sending Coints with Automated Raw Transactions](4_5_Sending_Coins_with_Automated_Raw_Transactions.md), the result is a lot easier, but you lose some control in the process.
|
||||
As with the shortcut demonstrated in [4.5: Sending Coints with Automated Raw Transactions](4_5_Sending_Coins_with_Automated_Raw_Transactions.md), the result is a lot easier, but you lose some control in the process.
|
||||
|
||||
## Summary: Spending a Transaction with a Multisig
|
||||
|
||||
So it turns out that spending money sent to a multisig address can take quite a bit of work. But as long as you have your original addresses and your redeemscript, you can do it with `bitcoin-cli`, and if you want to make things even easier, you can take advantage of wallet features in newer version of Bitcoin Core.
|
||||
It turns out that spending money sent to a multisig address can take quite a bit of work. But as long as you have your original addresses and your redeemScript, you can do it with `bitcoin-cli`; if you want to make things even easier, you can take advantage of wallet features in newer version of Bitcoin Core.
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user