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18_2__Interlude_Accessing_a_Second_Lightning_Node.md
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18_2__Interlude_Accessing_a_Second_Lightning_Node.md
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# Interlude: Accessing a Second Lightning Node
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When you played with Bitcoin you were accessing an existing network, and that made it relatively easy to work with: you just turned on `bitcoind` and you were immediately interacting with the network. That's now how Lightning works. It's fundamentally a peer-to-peer network, built up from the connections between any two individual nodes. In other words, to interact with the Lightning Network, you'll need to first find a node to connect to.
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There are three ways to do so:
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## Asking for Information on a Node
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If someone else already has a Lightning node on the network of your choice, just ask them for their ID.
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If they are are running c-lightning, they just need to use the `getinfo` command:
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```
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$ lightning-cli getinfo
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lightning-cli: WARNING: default network changing in 2020: please set network=testnet in config!
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{
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"id": "02f3d74746934494fa378235e5bc44cfdbb5b8779d839263fb7f9218be032f6f61",
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"alias": "GREENSOURCE",
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"color": "02f3d7",
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...
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}
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```
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They can then tell you their `id` (`02f3d74746934494fa378235e5bc44cfdbb5b8779d839263fb7f9218be032f6f61`).
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## Creating a New c-lightning Node
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However, for testing purposes, you probably want to have a second node under you own power. The easiest way to do so is to create a second c-lightning node on a new machine, using either Bitcoin Standup, per [§2.1](02_1_Setting_Up_a_Bitcoin-Core_VPS_with_StackScript.md) or compiling it by hand, per [§18.1](18_1_Verifying_Your_Lightning_Setup.md).
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Once you have your node up, you can run `getinfo` to retrieve your information, as shown above.
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## Creating a New LND Node
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However, for our examples in the next chapter, we're instead going to create an LND node. This will allow us to demonstrate a bit of the depth of the Lightning ecosystem by showing how similar commands work on the two different platforms.
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One way to do so is to run the Bitcoin Standup Scripts again on a new machine, but this time to choose LND, per [§2.1](2_1_Setting_Up_a_Bitcoin-Core_VPS_with_StackScript.md).
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Another is to compile LND from source code on a machine that you've set up with a Bitcoin node, as follows.
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### Compiling the LND Source Code
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First, you need to download and install Go:
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```
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$ wget --progress=bar:force https://dl.google.com/go/"go1.14.4"."linux"-"amd64".tar.gz -O ~standup/"go1.14.4"."linux"-"amd64".tar.gz
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$ /bin/tar xzf ~standup/"go1.14.4"."linux"-"amd64".tar.gz -C ~standup
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$ sudo mv ~standup/go /usr/local
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```
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Be sure that the Go version is the most up to date (it's `go1.14.4` at the current time), and the platform and architecture are right for your machine. (The above will work for Debian.)
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Update your path:
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```
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$ export GOPATH=~standup/gocode
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$ export PATH="$PATH":/usr/local/go/bin:"$GOPATH"/bin
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```
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Then be sure that `go` works:
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```
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$ go version
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go version go1.14.4 linux/amd64
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```
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You'll also need `git` and `make`:
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````
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$ sudo apt-get install git
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$ apt-get install build-essential
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```
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You're now ready to retrieve LND. Be sure to get the current verison (currently `v0.11.0-beta.rc4`).
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```
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$ go get -d github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd
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```
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And now you can compile:
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```
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$ cd "$GOPATH"/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd
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$ git checkout v0.11.0-beta.rc4
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$ make
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$ make install
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```
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This will install to `~/gocode/bin`, which is `$GOPATH/bin`.
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And this will put it in global directories:
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```
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$ sudo cp $GOPATH/bin/lnd $GOPATH/bin/lncli /usr/bin
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```
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Finally, this will create some standard directories:
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```
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$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/lnd /var/lib/lnd
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$ sudo chown standup -R /var/lib/lnd
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```
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### Creating an LND Config File
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Unlike with c-lightning, you will need to create a default config file for LND.
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First, you need to retrieve your rpcuser and rpcpassword. Here's an automated way to do so:
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```
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$ BITCOINRPC_USER=$(cat ~standup/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf | grep rpcuser | awk -F = '{print $2}')
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$ BITCOINRPC_PASS=$(cat ~standup/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf | grep rpcpassword | awk -F = '{print $2}')
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```
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> :warning: **WARNING:** Obviously, never store your RPC password in a shell variable in a production environment.
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Second, you need to enable ZMQ on your Bitcoind, if you didn't already in [§15.3](15_3_Receiving_Bitcoind_Notifications_with_C.md).
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This requires adding the following to your `~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf` file:
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```
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zmqpubrawblock=tcp://127.0.0.1:28332
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zmqpubrawtx=tcp://127.0.0.1:28333
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```
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You must then restart bitcoin. You can test that it's working as follows:
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```
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bitcoin-cli getzmqnotifications
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[
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{
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"type": "pubrawblock",
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"address": "tcp://127.0.0.1:28332",
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"hwm": 1000
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},
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{
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"type": "pubrawtx",
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"address": "tcp://127.0.0.1:28333",
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"hwm": 1000
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}
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]
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```
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Now you're ready to create a config file:
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```
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$ mkdir ~/.lnd
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$ cat > ~/.lnd/lnd.conf << EOF
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[Application Options]
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maxlogfiles=3
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maxlogfilesize=10
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#externalip=1.1.1.1 # change to your public IP address if required.
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alias=StandUp
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listen=0.0.0.0:9735
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debuglevel=debug
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[Bitcoin]
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bitcoin.active=1
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bitcoin.node=bitcoind
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bitcoin.testnet=true
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[Bitcoind]
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bitcoind.rpchost=localhost
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bitcoind.rpcuser=$BITCOINRPC_USER
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bitcoind.rpcpass=$BITCOINRPC_PASS
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bitcoind.zmqpubrawblock=tcp://127.0.0.1:28332
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bitcoind.zmqpubrawtx=tcp://127.0.0.1:28333
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EOF
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```
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### Creating an LND Service
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Finally, you can create an LND service to automatically run `lnd`:
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```
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$ cat > ~/lnd.service << EOF
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# It is not recommended to modify this file in-place, because it will
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# be overwritten during package upgrades. If you want to add further
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# options or overwrite existing ones then use
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# $ systemctl edit lnd.service
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# See "man systemd.service" for details.
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# Note that almost all daemon options could be specified in
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# /etc/lnd/lnd.conf, except for those explicitly specified as arguments
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# in ExecStart=
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[Unit]
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Description=LND Lightning Network Daemon
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Requires=bitcoind.service
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After=bitcoind.service
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[Service]
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/lnd
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ExecStop=/usr/bin/lncli --lnddir /var/lib/lnd stop
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PIDFile=/run/lnd/lnd.pid
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User=standup
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Type=simple
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KillMode=process
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TimeoutStartSec=60
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TimeoutStopSec=60
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=60
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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EOF
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```
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You'll then need to install that:
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```
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$ sudo cp ~/lnd.service /etc/systemd/system
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$ sudo systemctl enable lnd
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$ sudo systemctl start lnd
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```
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(Expect this to take a minute the first time.)
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### Creating a Wallet
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The first time you run LND, you must create a wallet:
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```
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$ lncli --network=testnet create
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```
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It will ask you for a password and then ask if you want to enter an existing mnemonic (just hit `n` for the latter one).
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You should now have a functioning `lnd`, which you can verify with `getinfo`:
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```
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$ lncli --network=testnet getinfo
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{
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"version": "0.11.0-beta.rc4 commit=v0.11.0-beta.rc4",
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"commit_hash": "fc12656a1a62e5d69430bba6e4feb8cfbaf21542",
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"identity_pubkey": "032a7572dc013b6382cde391d79f292ced27305aa4162ec3906279fc4334602543",
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"alias": "StandUp",
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"color": "#3399ff",
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"num_pending_channels": 0,
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"num_active_channels": 0,
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"num_inactive_channels": 0,
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"num_peers": 2,
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"block_height": 1862848,
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"block_hash": "000000000000000ecb6fd95e1f486283d48683aa3111b6c23144a2056f5a1532",
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"best_header_timestamp": "1602632294",
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"synced_to_chain": true,
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"synced_to_graph": false,
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"testnet": true,
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"chains": [
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{
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"chain": "bitcoin",
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"network": "testnet"
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}
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],
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"uris": [
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],
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"features": {
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"0": {
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"name": "data-loss-protect",
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"is_required": true,
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"is_known": true
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},
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"5": {
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"name": "upfront-shutdown-script",
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"is_required": false,
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"is_known": true
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},
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"7": {
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"name": "gossip-queries",
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"is_required": false,
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"is_known": true
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},
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"9": {
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"name": "tlv-onion",
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"is_required": false,
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"is_known": true
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},
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"13": {
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"name": "static-remote-key",
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"is_required": false,
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"is_known": true
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},
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"15": {
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"name": "payment-addr",
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"is_required": false,
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"is_known": true
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},
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"17": {
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"name": "multi-path-payments",
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"is_required": false,
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"is_known": true
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}
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}
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}
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```
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This node's ID is `032a7572dc013b6382cde391d79f292ced27305aa4162ec3906279fc4334602543`.
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## Summary: Accessing a Second Lightning Node
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You always need two Lightning nodes to form a channel. If you don't have someone else who is testing things out with you, you're going to need to create a second one, either using c-lightning or (as we will in our examples) LND
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## What's Next?
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Continue "Understanding Your Lightning Setup" with [§18.3: Setting Up_a_Channel](18_3_Setting_Up_a_Channel.md).
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